亮藏北宋河东路铁钱

二泉斋

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">（转载）铁母与铜范铁钱（孙仲汇）</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">宋代在很长一段时期中，同时铸行铜铁年号钱，它们钱文相同，但形制相异文字风格有别，这是为了防止铜铁相混而故意造成的区别，如铁钱有穿孔一般较大，钱身较厚，文字则粗犷有力，或采用与铜钱不同的书体。这些不同之处也成了后人鉴定钱母，铁范铜钱的依据。以元符通宝为例，凡铁钱均篆、楷二体，和铜钱有明显区别。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">在大量传世及出土的宋钱中，也能发现和铁钱文字形制完全相同的铜钱，凡具备母钱特征的即是铁母，不具备的称为铁范铜钱或铜铁两铸钱。如一种广穿宋元铜钱，虽和铁钱同式，但肉薄背平，重不足</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">克，称之为铁范铜钱。真正的宋元铁母存世还是不多，今见有一枚，厚肉广穿，外轮有齿状锉痕，虽流通磨损，犹重</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">克，为铁母为疑。又如宣和通宝背陕小平，原属铜，铁两铸，即有铁母也混在铜钱中不易觉，昔罗伯昭曾得白铜母钱一品，今又见厚肉铁母，重</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">.</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">05</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">克字口清晰，钱身光洁如镜，甚为难得。这类母钱一旦磨损平夷，则泾渭难分了。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">北宋时期还有一种以铜钱范型铸成的铁钱，正与上述的铁范铜钱相反，应称为铜范铁钱。列举数枚，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、行书淳化元宝，重</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">.</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">克。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、咸平元宝，重</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3.</font></span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">54</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">克。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、祥符元宝，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、篆书治平元宝，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、熙宁元宝，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、绍圣元宝，这类铁钱存世不多见，观拓片则与铜钱无异可知出自官炉，或为当年官铸的劣钱。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">《宋史食货下二》记仁宗时，许申为三司度支判官，建议以药化铁与铜杂铸，轻重如铜钱法，铜居三分，铁六分。所谓以药化铁实际上是一个骗局，因铜铁不易相混，其溶液的流动性差，故《宋史》记中杂以铁，流涩而多不就，工人苦之。初命申铸成缗，逾月载得万钱，因诏申即江州铸百万缗，毋漏其法。中外知其非是，而宰相主之，卒无成功。这种铜铁混铸钱由于技术上的原因，成分高低不一，含铁特别多的即成铜范铁钱。</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">这里例举的虽非许申所铸，但情况可能有些接近。这种铁钱混一二枚于成串铜钱中，不易察觉，另一可能是铜钱监中临时铸行铁钱，一时不及另制铁母，于是用了铜钱的范型。民间私铸也有可能，但常见北宋私铸钱都掺入大量的铅锡，这样可降低熔点，便于铸造。私铸铁钱的工艺要求较高，其可能性也相对小些。</span></p>

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-6-23 16:37:41编辑过]